The brain has the amazing capacity to change and grow with experience. This is called neuroplasticity, it means that the brain can form new neural connections, rearrange existing ones and even produce new cells throughout life. Neuroplasticity is vital for learning, memory and adaptation.
In the early years, a child’s brain is more flexible and adaptable than an adults’ brain and they can benefit from stimulating this associated neuroplasticity in various ways. Children need opportunities to learn, develop their thinking abilities while strengthening the neural connections in the brain.
This can be done through active learning strategiessuch as hands-on activities, interactive discussions and problem-solving games. Multi-sensory learningwhich will include plentiful visual aids, auditory learning and kinaesthetic activities which allow physical movement during learning. Mindfulness and stress reductionwhich will include practices which positively impact brain structure and function, promoting emotional regulation and reducing stress.
Additionally, teachers should promote curiosity and exploration by encouraging questioning and relating classroom lessons to real-life situations. Support individualised learningthrough differentiated instruction which recognises that each child learns differently, as well as feedback and adaptation which allows students to learn from mistakes. The incorporation of cognitive challengessuch as critical thinking exercises and the learning of new skills is also key.
Besides the support provided in schools, parents can develop their child’s brain by encouraging curiosity and exploration, as children are naturally curious and eager to learn about the world around them. Exposing them to new and diverse experiences like parks, museums, or documentaries to foster their curiosity and stimulate their brain development. In the process ask them questions, listen to their opinions and challenge their assumptions.
Parents should also provide asupportive and positive environment to enhance their self-esteem, confidence and motivation. It can protect them from the negative effects of stress, which can impair neuroplasticity. Praise their efforts, not only their achievements.
Parents should teach them new skills and hobbies such as sewing, cycling, or baking to enrich their lives and boost their brain power. Learning new things activates different regions of the brain and creates new neural pathways while improving cognitive functioning.
Finally, children need physical activity and healthy habits to maintain their physical and mental wellbeing and to improve blood flow, oxygen supply and nutrient delivery to the brain. They can also prevent, or reduce inflammation, oxidative stress and toxins that can harm the brain. Encourage children to exercise regularly, play outdoors, or join a school sports team. Equally important try to maintain a balanced diet, with adequate hydration and quality sleep, while limiting non-productive screen time and junk food intake.
Jenny Coetzee, Managing Director at Crawford International Kenya and Angelica Ouya, Education Director at the Makini Group of Schools
